http://hdl.handle.net/10524/12269 Tue, 21 May 2013 09:25:29 GMT 2013-05-21T09:25:29Z http://hdl.handle.net/10524/33683 Memorandi and correspondence from the Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources, and Thomas Luebben, attorney at law, regarding condition No. 51 of the Hawaii county Geothermal Resource Permit (GRP 87-1) Issued to Puna Geothermal Venture (PGV). http://hdl.handle.net/10524/33683 http://hdl.handle.net/10524/33682 Quality Improvement Act of 1970, as amended (42 U.S.C. 4371 et see.), sec. 309 of the Clean Air Act, as amended (42 U.S.C. 7609) and E.O. 11514, Mar. 5, 1970, as amended by E.O. 11991, May 24, 1977). SOURCE: 43 FR 55990. Nov. 28, 1978, unless otherwise noted. Mon, 01 Jan 1979 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10524/33682 1979-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10524/33564 The Board of Land and Natural Resources designated a 4,108 acre area on the Southwest Rift of Haleakala as a geothermal subzone. To inform the public about the geothermal development and its potential effects on Maui, it held seminars on August 15 and 16, 1985. The documents include memos, an agenda, handwritten notes, sign-in sheets, letters from community members, and news releases announcing the meetings. Sun, 01 Jan 1978 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10524/33564 1978-01-01T00:00:00Z Council on Environmental Quality http://hdl.handle.net/10524/32198 "Volcanic hazards on the Island of Hawaii have been determined to be chiefly products of eruptions: lava flows, falling fragments, gases, and particle-and-gas clouds. Falling fragments and particle-and-gas clouds can be substantial hazards to life, but they are relatively rare. Lava flows are the chief hazard to property; they are frequent and cover broad areas. Rupture, subsidence, earthquakes, and sea waves (tsunamis) caused by eruptions are minor hazards; those same events caused by large-scale crustal movements, however, are major hazards to both life and property. Volcanic hazards are greatest on Mauna Loa and Kilauea, and the risk is highest along the rift zones of those volcanoes. The hazards are progressively less severe on Hualalai, Mauna Kea, and Kohala volcanoes. Some risk from earthquakes extends across the entire island, and the risk from tsunamis is high all along the coast. The island has been divided into geographic zones of different relative risk for each volcanic hazard, and for all those hazards combined. Each zone is assigned a relative risk for that area as a whole; the degree of risk varies within the zones, however, and in some of them the risk decreases gradationally across the entire zone. Moreover, the risk in one zone may be locally as great or greater than that at some points in the zone of next higher overall risk. Nevertheless, the zones can be highly useful for land-use planning. Planning decisions to which the report is particularly applicable include the selection of kinds of structures and kinds of land use that are appropriate for the severity and types of hazards present. For example, construction of buildings that can resist a lava flow is generally not feasible, but it is both feasible and desirable to build structures that can resist falling rock fragments, earthquakes, and tsunamis in areas where risk from those hazards is relatively high. The report can also be used to select sites where overall risk is relatively low, to identify sites where either overall risk or risk from some specific hazard is relatively high, and to identify areas in .vhich there is a threat to lives as well as to property. The report further can serve as a basis for warning persons about hazards in areas most likely to be affected by volcanic eruptions. Perhaps most important, however, the report provides basic information needed for zoning to control future land use." Prepared in cooperation with the Dept. of Housing and Urban Development.; Bibliography: p. 60-61.; "This report is preliminary and has not been edited or reviewed for conformity with Geological Survey standards or nomenclature." Tue, 01 Jan 1974 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10524/32198 1974-01-01T00:00:00Z Donal R. Mullineaux; Donald W. Peterson http://hdl.handle.net/10524/23460 Includes a letter and memorandums. Tue, 30 Jun 1992 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10524/23460 1992-06-30T00:00:00Z Conservation and Renewable Energy, United States Department of Energy http://hdl.handle.net/10524/23410 Long-term variations in eruptive behavior occurred as Kilauea's present surface formed. These variations are revealed by geologic mapping, dating, and morphologic analysis of lava flows. The chronology is based on the secular variation of the geomagnetic field, reconstructed from paleomagnetic measurements of lava flows dated by 14 C. Key flows of unknown age are dated by comparison with the history of variation, and relative ages of other flows are determined from super position and vegetation development. Paleomagnetic dating precision varies with time and depends uponthe rate of secular variation and dispersion in the data. Typically, variation rates are about 4 degrees/century, and dispersions are about 4.5 deg. Principal sources of dispersion are imprecision in the 14 Cages (3.0 deg), local anomalies in the geomagnetic field (2.2 deg), and primary deformations of lava flows (1.7 deg). Dating precisions are about 100 years during the past 500 years and about 250 years during the preceding millenium. Precision should be increased to a few decades by reducing the dispersion, refining the history of variation, and adding paleomagnetic intensity to the record of variation. About 70 percent of Kilauea's surface is younger than 500 years, about 90 percent younger than 1000 years. A major hiatus in summit overflows occurred between about 1500 and 1000 years B.P. Much of Kilauea's present caldera dates from the 18th century, but an earlier caldera developed about 1500 years B.P. and later filled. Behavior of prehistoric eruptions is revealed by the morphology of their products. Eruptions are classified on the basis of duration, which is expressed in the degree of channelization achieved by lava flows. Lava flows are classified as aa, surface-fed pahoehoe, and tube-fed pahoehoe. Flow types and vent features are used to classify eruption assemblages corresponding to various eruption types. Type A eruptions last hours to days and leave open eruptive fissures and commonly a single lava flow consisting of surface-fed pahoehoe and aa.Type B eruptions last for days to weeks and produce pyroclastic central vents and multiple flows of surface-fed pahoehoe and aa. Type C eruptions last for months to years and produce small lava shields and many flows consisting of all three types. Type D eruptions persist for decades to centuries and produce large lava shields and flow assemblages dominated by tube-fed pahoehoe. Type E eruptions last for days to weeks, and their phreatomagmatic explosions may produce craters and sheets of pyroclastic material. This classification scheme was refined during detailed mapping (1:24,000) of the Mauna Ulu region and was then applied in mapping the entire volcano (1:50,000). Kilauea's past behavior has varied in space and time. The chief spatial variation is a decrease in typical eruption duration at increasing distances away from the summit magma reservoir. Other variations appear to be peculiar to particular localities. Changes have occurred over intervals of decades and centuries; some have been repeated and some may have occurred in evolutionary sequences. Two Type E eruptions large enough to produce extensive pyroclastic sheets have been followed by long intervals when most activity was confined to a summit caldera. Rift activity waxed as summit activity waned, and in one example the waxing sequence resembles an evolutionary progression: Rift eruptions were at first brief and widely separated in time and space but gradually became frequent along a restricted segment of the rift zone and culminated in sustained activity at one locality. The causes of long-term eruptive variation remain undetermined. Alternative phenomenological models are characterized as evolutionary, cyclical, and steady-state; these alternatives differ greatly in their implications on long-range forecasting.(Date: 1981). Thesis (Ph. D.)--Stanford University, 1981. Bibliography: leaves 311-321. With illustrations and maps. Thu, 01 Jan 1981 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10524/23410 1981-01-01T00:00:00Z Holcomb, Robin Terry http://hdl.handle.net/10524/23399 Although most Kilauea eruptions produce effusive basaltic lavas, about 1 percent of the prehistoric and historical eruptions have been explosive. Multiple steam explosions from Halemaumau Crater in 1924 followed subsidence of an active lava lake. A major hydromagmatic explosive eruption in 1790 deposited most of the Keanakakoi Formation-a blanket of pumice, vitric ash, and lithic tephra that is locally more than 10m thick around Kilauea's summit area. The Keanakakoi was deposited in multiple air•fall and pyroclastic-surge phases, probably accompanied by caldera subsidence. The Uwekahuna Ash, exposed near the base of the present caldera cliffs and on the southeast flank of Mauna Loa, was formed by a major sequence of explosive eruptions about 1500 yr before present (B.P.). Beneath the Vwekahuna Ash in a few localities are two to three similar pyroclastic deposits. The Pahala Ash, extensive on the south flank of Kilauea and on adjacent Mauna Loa, reflects many explosive eruptions from about 25,000 to 10,000 yr B.P. Although it is not clear whether parts of the much weathered and reworked Pahala are of lava-fountain or hydromagmatic origin, much of it appears to be hydromagmatic. Pyroclastic deposits are present in the Hilina Formation on the south flank of Kilauea near the coast; about six of these deposits are estimated to be 40,000 to 50,000 yr old, and others are both younger and older. None of the deposits older than 2000 yr is well dated, but if we assume generally uniform growth rates for Kilauea's shield during the past 100,000 yr, an average, but not periodic, recurrence of major explosive eruptions is about every 2000 yr; minor explosive eruptions may be more frequent. The occurrence of relatively rare but dangerous explosive eruptions probably relates to sudden disruptions of equilibrium between subsurface water and shallow magma bodies, triggered by major lowering of the magma column. Sun, 01 Jan 1984 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10524/23399 1984-01-01T00:00:00Z Decker, Robert W; Christiansen, Robert L http://hdl.handle.net/10524/23375 This Implementation Plan (lP) is a DOE public disclosure document, prepared preceeding issuance of a draft EIS, for recording the results of the scoping process and providing guidance to DOE for preparation of the HGP Draft EIS. The IP includes a statement of the planned scope and content of the EIS; the purpose and need for the proposed action; a description of the scoping process and the results, including a summary of comments received and their disposition; target schedules; anticipated consultation with other agencies; and disclosure statements executed by contractors and subcontractors assisting DOE in the preparation of the EIS. The IP is a "living document" in that it may be revised as needed throughout the preparation of the EIS to provide updated information regarding major changes in scope, methodology, or work plan. Includes bibliographic references and a map. Thu, 01 Apr 1993 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10524/23375 1993-04-01T00:00:00Z United States Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy; in cooperation with County of Hawaii, County of Maui, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Park Service, State of Hawaii, United States Army Corps of Engineers, United States Fish and Wildlife Service, United States Geological Survey http://hdl.handle.net/10524/23356 The specific objectives of the investigation were to determine compliance with the following: • Air pollution control regulations, including state permits No. P-833-1524 and No. P-834-1582 • Underground Injection Control (UIC) regulations, including state permit UH-1529 • Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA), 42 U.S.C. §11001 et. seq., EPCRA § 301; and Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA), 42 U.S.C. § 9603 CERCLA § 103. In addition, NEIC personnel identified facility activities/conditions that, although not specifically regulated, could impact the environment. The investigation of PGV included the following: A review of federal and state files An on-site inspection of the facility conducted February 13 through 17, 1995, which included the following: Discussions with facility personnel Observations and evaluation of facility operations Review/copy facility records Sampling of the two groundwater monitoring wells and geothermal reinjection fluid Monitoring of 50 potential fugitive emissions points (valves) in pentane service Personnel from the regional UIC program and NEIC worked as a team to determine compliance with UIC requirements. The technical report has been divided into four main sections: Process Description - which provides an overview of the geothermal process; and the Air, Underground Injection Control, and EPCRA sections which discuss compliance with applicable regulations and permits. These reports form the basis for the summary of findings presented in the following section. Fri, 01 Mar 1996 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10524/23356 1996-03-01T00:00:00Z Garing, Ken; Gosik, Bob; FitzGerald, Shannon http://hdl.handle.net/10524/22966 Both replenishable and nonreplenishable resources are exhaustible and even finite nonreplaceable resources can have infinite economic lives. The concept of ecological equilibrium) in which total recruitment of new mass is equal to the harvest rate) is relevant to both types of resources. The rate of use of existing stock is the intensive margin and investment in renewal through exploration and development represents the extensive margin. Both the rate and level of recovery are influenced by the economic motivation of the resource owner to maximize the present value of the resource. Unlike other branches of economics in which current production is pushed to the point where marginal profits are zero) it is shown that the profit-maximizing resource owner will postpone the current production of an additional unit if the present value of the profit which that unit could earn at some future date is larger than the marginal profit which can be earned today. Has 19 leaves. Bibliography: leaves 18-19. Sat, 01 Mar 1975 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10524/22966 1975-03-01T00:00:00Z Peterson, Richard E http://hdl.handle.net/10524/22965 If it is economically feasible to exploit a resource, the period of exploitation will be affected by a number of economic factors. In the discussion below, the role of the following variables in the lifetime of oil, gas, and geothermal resources will be presented: the rate of interest or discount rate; future prices and costs; monopolization, import quotas, and prorationing; rules of capture and unitization; severance taxes and royalty payments; property taxes; depletion allowances. Includes bibliographical references Tue, 01 Apr 1975 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10524/22965 1975-04-01T00:00:00Z Peterson, Richard E http://hdl.handle.net/10524/22842 1990-03 Thu, 01 Mar 1990 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10524/22842 1990-03-01T00:00:00Z Various authors http://hdl.handle.net/10524/19378 Comparison of topographic gradients with self-potential fields on Hualalai suggests that for the southeastern and summit areas a topographic correction of approximately 1.6 mv/m is probably valid and should be made to all data. Northwest of the summit, elevation and SP correlations suggest that the streaming potential coupling coefficient is larger than farther east, and the topographic adjustments should probably be larger than the 1.6 mv/m that was used. "Hawaiian Volcano Observatory." Bibliography: leaf 10. Mon, 01 Jan 1979 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10524/19378 1979-01-01T00:00:00Z Jackson, Dallas B.; Sako, Maurice K http://hdl.handle.net/10524/19377 A short review of the work performed by Sandia Laboratories in connection with its Magma Energy Research Project is provided. Results to date suggest that boreholes will remain stable down to magma depths and engineering materials can survive the downhole environments. Energy extraction rates are encouraging. Geophysical sensing systems and interpretation methods require improvement, however, to clearly define a buried magma source. Sat, 01 Mar 1980 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10524/19377 1980-03-01T00:00:00Z Colp, JL http://hdl.handle.net/10524/19376 The Hawaiian lava lake in the Kilauea Iki pit crater, resulting from the 1959 summit eruption of Kilauea volcano, has served as a natural laboratory for the continuing study of the petrology, rheology, and thermal history of ponded molten basalt flows in the field environment. During 1975 and 1976, a series of electromagnetic and seismic experiments were coordinated in an attempt to define the in-situ geophysical properties and the configuration of the molten lava core as closely as possible. Drilling and geophysical experiments in 1976 suggested that the solidified crust of the lava lake had a cool, resistive surface layer, undersaturated with water to a depth of 5 meters. A warm, wet layer containing appreciable water and/or steam was essentially isothermal (100/sup 0/C) to 33 meters. From 33 to 45 meters the temperature climbed rapidly (from 100/sup 0/ to 1070/sup 0/C) until a thin plexus of molten sills was encountered, interbedded with solid layers. Below this (50 meters) was apparently a layer having the highest temperature, lowest viscosity, and lowest density of olivine phenocrysts. At 70 meters, a transition zone to a crystalline mush was indicated, and finally (between 80 and 95 meters), solid basalt extended down to the preflow surface at a depth of 115 to 120 meters. "Prepared by Sandia Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185 and Livermore, California 94550 for the United States Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC04-76DP00789." Sat, 01 Dec 1979 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10524/19376 1979-12-01T00:00:00Z Hermance, JF.; Forsyth, DW.; Colp, JL http://hdl.handle.net/10524/19375 "DOE/EIA-0544." Sun, 01 Sep 1991 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10524/19375 1991-09-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10524/19374 Thu, 01 Jan 1981 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10524/19374 1981-01-01T00:00:00Z Kauahikaua, Jim http://hdl.handle.net/10524/19373 The objective of the Direct Magma Tap Research Program now under way at Sandia Laboratories is to investigate the feasibility of extracting energy directly from deeply buried circulating magma sources. With temperatures of the order of 1000 C temperature, these buried sources represent great amounts of high-quality energy. A fully closed heat exchanger system inserted directly into the source would allow extraction of this energy with minimal environmental impact. Major problem areas being studied include source location and configuration, in situ magma characteristics, material compatibilities, tapping methods, and energy extraction equipment. "This report was presented at the Circum-Pacific Energy and Mineral Resources Conference at Honolulu, Hawaii, Auguest, 1974." Fri, 01 Nov 1974 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10524/19373 1974-11-01T00:00:00Z Colp, John L http://hdl.handle.net/10524/19371 S>Some recent results from the Los Alamos program in which hydraulic fracturing is used for the recovery of geothermal energy are discussed. The location is about 4 kilometers west and south of the ring fault of the enormous Jemez Caldera in the northcentral part of New Mexico. It is shown that geothermal energy may be extracted from hot rock that does not contain circulating hot water or steam and is relatively impermeable. A fluid is pumped at high pressure into an isolated section of a wellbore. If the well is cased the pipe in this pressurized region is perforated as it is in the petroleum industry, so that the pressure may be applied to the rock, cracking it. A second well is drilled a few hundred feet away from the first. Cold water is injected through the first pipe, circulates through the crack, and hot water returns to the surface through the second pipe. Results are described and circumstances are discussed under which artiflcial geothermal reservoirs might be created in the basaltic rock of Hawaii. (MCW) Report Numbers: CONF-740209--1; LA-UR--73-1695; OSTI ID: 4322219 Fri, 08 Feb 1974 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10524/19371 1974-02-08T00:00:00Z Aamodt, RL http://hdl.handle.net/10524/19370 A 1262-m-deep bore hole was drilled at the summit of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, to test predictions based on surface geophysical surveys and to obtain information on the hydrothermal regime above a postulated magma reservoir. Data from the drilling and geophysical borehole logs tend to confirm earlier predictions that a mound of brackish or saline water is present above the inferred magma body. Temperatures within the hydrothermal system are not sufficiently high to indicate deposits of economic interest, but the gradient toward the bottom of the hole (approximately 160 m below sea level) is high, about 370/sup 0/C per kilometer. The maximum temperature, 137/sup 0/C, is at the hole bottom. Report Number: USGS-OFR-76-538; OSTI ID: 7329255 Thu, 01 Jan 1976 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10524/19370 1976-01-01T00:00:00Z Zablocki, CJ.; Tilling, RI.; Peterson, DW.; Christiansen, RL.; Keller, GV