Browsing IJA Volume 61, Issue 3, 2009 by Subject "betanodavirus, viral nervous necrosis, viral encephalopathy and retinopathy, control methods, epidemiology, VNN, VER"

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Current Knowledge on Viral Nervous Necrosis (VNN) and its Causative Betanodaviruses

Nakai, T.; Sugaya, T.; Nishioka, T.; Mushiake, K.; Yamashita, H. (Israeli Journal of Aquaculture - BAMIGDEH, 2009)

Viral nervous necrosis (VNN) or viral encephalopathy and retinopathy (VER) caused by betanodaviruses (Nodaviridae) has seriously damaged global marine aquaculture since its first appearance in the late 1980s. In the past ...