Laparoscopic staging of malignant disease.

Abstract

The earliest applications of laparoscopy were for diagnostic procedures. The goal was to make a diagnosis while sparing the patient a major, and often futile, operation. However, the view was limited and it was not possible to palpate organs or masses. The recent development of advanced laparoscopic techniques and ultrasound have improved our view and restored our "sense of touch". These innovations bring the goal of minimally invasive diagnosis and staging closer to reality. This paper reviews the current literature on the laparoscopic staging of cancer with an emphasis on patient selection, diagnostic accuracy, and the reduction in morbidity which can be achieved.