Volume 77, Issue 2, 2025
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Item Monthly variations in reproductive indices, egg quality, and larval survival of broodstock snubnose pompano (Trachinotus blochii)(2025) Ngo, Manh V.; Le, Hoang M.This study evaluated the monthly variations in reproductive indices, egg quality, and larval survival of broodstock snubnose pompano (Trachinotus blochii) reared under captivity conditions from January to December. The parameters assessed included gonadal maturation rate, fecundity, egg diameter, egg buoyancy rate, fatty acid composition (SFA, MUFA, PUFA, and HUFA) in egg, fertilization rate, hatching rate, and 3-day larval survival rate. The results showed that May, July, November, and December were the most favorable periods regarding reproductive performance and egg quality, with maturation rates exceeding 70% and hatching rates surpassing 90%. Notably, July recorded the highest fecundity (107,454 eggs/kg female), and larval survival peaked at nearly 60% during this month. These findings highlight the significant influence of time and environmental factors on reproductive success and seed quality. Analyses revealed a strong relationship between egg quality and larval survival, with the nutrient content of eggs, particularly long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids such as DHA and EPA. Therefore, the study recommends proactively developing seasonally aligned spawning schedules and providing targeted nutritional supplementation to broodstock during maturation to enhance sustainable seed production efficiency for this high-value marine species.Item Molecular Characterization and Functional Analyses of IGFALS in the Chinese Soft-Shelled Turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis)(2025) Zhu, Yulei; Li, Lin; Tu, Yangyang; Chen, Xincheng; Chen, Mengying; Yan, Feng; Zeng, DanThe insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system plays a crucial role in the regulation of development, reproduction, and growth. Within this system, the IGF acid-labile subunit (IGFALS) plays a pivotal role in modulating IGF activity by stabilizing circulating IGF complexes. In this study, two IGFALS gene transcripts, named IGFALSX1 and IGFALSX2, were identified for the first time in the Chinese soft-shelled turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis). The cDNA sequences of IGFALSX1 and IGFALSX2 were 2,452 bp and 2,520 bp, respectively, encoding 617 and 616 amino acids (AAs). The IGFALS gene was expressed in all tissues of P. sinensis, with particularly high expression in the liver, gonads, and lungs, and marked sexual dimorphism observed in the liver. Short-term stimulation of juvenile P. sinensis with sex steroids led to significant changes in IGFALS expression in the livers of both male and female individuals, suggesting its potential involvement in steroid-mediated growth modulation. These observations collectively indicate that IGFALS may function as a key molecular mediator in the steroid-responsive growth regulatory pathway of P. sinensis.Item Analysis of the influence of two kinds of shell characteristics on the total weight and soft tissue weight of the clam Cyclina sinensis(2025) Ge, Hongxing; Zhao, Chen; Xie, Yong; Dong, ZhiguoTo reveal the influence of shell traits between two shell colors on the body and soft tissue weight of the clam Cyclina sinensis, a total of 1000 individuals (500 with white shells and 500 with purple shells) were randomly selected to analyze the effects of shell length, shell height, shell width, ligament length, and shell weight on the body and soft tissue weight. The results indicated that the shell traits of the clam were significantly correlated with the total weight and the soft tissue weight at an extremely significant level (P < 0.01). Shell height was the main determinant of total body weight and soft tissue weight in the white shell group and the mixed group. Shell length is the main characteristic that determines the total weight and soft tissue weight of the purple shell. The optimal multiple regression equations with total weight and soft tissue weight as dependent variables and other characteristics as independent variables were established for the two shell color groups of C. sinensis. The results provided a theoretical basis for the breeding and production of the clam.Item Effects of PS-MPs on growth, immunity, antioxidant capacity and amino acid metabolism in common carp (Cyprinus carpio)(2025) Li, Pengcheng; Chen, Weijun; Chen, Deshan; Xie, Pengfei; Han, Lei; Yang, Feng; Sun, PingTo explore the toxic effects of polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) on common carp (Cyprinus carpio), 0 µg/L, 50 µg/L, 100 µg/L, and 200 µg/L PS-MPs were designated as the control group (CK) and low, medium, and high concentration groups, respectively. Each group had 3 replicates and was exposed to PS-MPs for 15 days. The results showed that, compared with the control group, the weight gain rate and hepatopancreas somatic indices were significantly decreased in 100 and 200 μg/L PS-MPs groups, the visceral index was significantly decreased in 50 and 100 μg/L PS-MPs groups. In comparison to CK, experimental groups (50-200 µg/L PS-MPs) significantly decreased activity levels of acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, and peroxidase while significantly increased activity levels of lysozyme, catalase, and superoxide dismutase. In addition, the malondialdehyde contents of the experimental carp increased significantly in 50 and 100 µg/L PS-MPs groups compared to CK. For hepatic amino acid contents, methionine, threonine, leucine, and isoleucine contents of the hepatopancreas of carp in PS-MPs groups were significantly lower than the control group. Correlation analysis showed that amino acids in the liver closely associated with fish growth, immune, and antioxidant-related indicators. In conclusion, PS-MPs above 50 µg/L in the water body could significantly affect normal growth, weaken the activity of hepatopancreatic immunity-related enzymes and antioxidant capacity, and disturb the balance of amino acid metabolism in common carp. The findings provide valuable insights into optimizing feeding strategies, contribute to more sustainable aquaculture practices, and support the development of policies in aquatic ecosystems.Item Study on the Approval Criteria for Fishing Vessel Main Engine Power Control Based on Main Engine Power Calculation Methods(2025) Lyu, Chao; Shi, Yihe; Liu, ShuangThis study examines the challenges of accurately reviewing and approving the main engine power of multipurpose motorized fishing vessels. It summarizes theoretical estimation methods and examines the impact of various power estimation techniques through example calculations. The effective power method was used to estimate main engine power, and the performance of the fitted equations and auditing methods was evaluated. The results show that there are significant differences in the accuracy of the different auditing methods, with differences as high as 45%. The error of the fitted equation method is below 15%, while the Japanese effective horsepower estimation method has the smallest error of about 10%.Item Nutrition composition of different size of male largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) and its implications for food processing industry(2025) Xie, Quansen; Cai, Jiaying; Liu, Yiran; Zhang, Zhihua; Wang, Miao; Yang, Mingjian; Xing, HaochunTo understand the basic nutritional composition and enhance the application of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), the nutritional quality of muscle and skin of largemouth bass with body weight of 450.10±1.11g, 650.31±1.20 g, and 850.10±1.13 g was analyzed. Results showed that the skin and muscle of fish with a body weight of 650.31±1.20 g were most suitable for processing and comprehensive utilization. Glycine had the lowest percentage, while glutamic acid was the most prevalent amino acid connected to umami. Total amino acid (TAA), essential amino acid (EAA), and D-aspartic acid (DAA) levels first increased and then decreased as the body weight increased. Largemouth bass of an intermediate size exhibited the highest levels of TAA and DAA, and superior amino acid balance and had the highest nutritional value among the three groups. The most common necessary minerals were Na, Mg, and K. The skin had higher concentrations of these elements than muscle, and their amounts rose and reduced in proportion to body weight. Our results demonstrated that the male largemouth bass with a body weight of 650.31±1.20 g had the muscle with the highest nutritional quality and the greatest application potential.Item Impact of Acute Hypoxia Stress on the Antioxidant Capacity and Tissue Damage of Penaeus monodon(2025) Qi, Xinyu; Wang, Jieyi; Zhou, Falin; Shi, Jianzhi; Ding, Yangyang; Li, Yundong; Yang, Qibin; Jiang, SongThis experiment was conducted to examine the effects of acute hypoxia stress on Penaeus monodon, specifically focusing on its antioxidant capacity and tissue damage. The study aimed to understand how acute hypoxia stress influences these physiological parameters in P. monodon. Hepatopancreas and gill tissues were sampled at three distinct dissolved oxygen (DO) levels: a normoxic condition of 6 mg·L⁻¹, a hypoxic condition of 2 mg·L⁻¹, and an acute hypoxic condition of 1 mg·L⁻¹. Tissue collections were performed after exposure periods of 2 hours and 4 hours, respectively, to assess the effects of varying oxygen concentrations over time. The activities of immune enzymes (ACP, AKP) and antioxidant enzymes (T-AOC, T-SOD, MDA) were measured, and the hepatopancreas and gill tissues were examined through sectioning. The results showed that under hypoxic stress, the activity level of the experimental shrimp increased, the movement of the eye stalk was rapid, and the antennae and abdomen were significantly curved. AKP activity initially increased in response to stress but decreased over prolonged hypoxia exposure. ACP activity decreased with prolonged hypoxia but showed some recovery over time. T-AOC and MDA activities decreased with prolonged hypoxia exposure. T-SOD activity showed an increasing trend but decreased under excessive hypoxia. Different degrees of damage were observed in the hepatopancreas and gill tissues under hypoxia stress. The study indicates that hypoxia stress affects the activity of immune and antioxidant enzymes in P. monodon, causing tissue damage to the hepatopancreas and gills. These findings help elucidate the response mechanism of P. monodon to hypoxia stress and provide a reference for the healthy aquaculture of this species.Item Evaluating the culturing performance of two-skinned mud crabs (Scylla paramamosain) using intermolt and mature crabs in various eyestalk ablation and gender conditions(2025) Le, Vu H.; Huang, Ting C.; Nguyen, Bac V.; Tien, Ly H.; Doan, Diep X.A thorough investigation into the effects of crustacean eyestalk ablation across different genders is crucial for optimizing aquaculture practices. This research was conducted from June to September 2023, with two separate experiments to assess how eyestalk removal and the gender of mud crabs (Scylla paramamosain) affected the performance of raising double-skinned crabs using intermolt and mature crabs. Both experiments utilized a completely randomized design with three replications in rectangular tanks (a bottom area of 0.3 m²). Crabs were divided into four eyestalk ablation groups (no ablation, right ablation, left ablation, and bilateral ablation) in experiment 1, while experiment 2 focused on right eyestalk ablation crabs and categorized them into three gender groups (males, females, and mixed-sex). The animals were stocked at a density of 20 individuals m−2 and were fed trash fish at a rate of 5% of their wet body weight throughout the experiments. The results showed that eyestalk ablation did not significantly affect overall yields. However, it improved the specific growth rate (SGR), the time needed to form double-skinned crabs (duration), and the feed conversion ratio (FCR). The right ablation group showed the most notable improvements. The bilateral ablation group showed improvements in FCR but had the fewest benefits in SGR, duration, and survival rate (SR). Additionally, gender factors had a minor effect on duration, with the shortest time recorded for the female group. Both male and mixed-sex groups showed improvements in FCR but experienced a decline in SR, with a significant reduction in the male group. Based on these findings, it is recommended that right eyestalk ablation in intermolt and mature female mud crabs is the most effective strategy for producing double-skinned crabs under the conditions studied.Item Environmental Impacts of Aquaculture in the Philippines(2025) Tahiluddin, Albaris B.; Bornales, Jonald C.; Limbaro, Gindol Rey A.; Paudac, Mohammad Al-Thanie U.; Amarille, Randell Keith; Sirad, Naima R.; Kabirun, Mariam C.; Ujing, Romar A.; Gonzaga-Torino, Floriefe M.; Sabdani, Mardiya H.; Bacla-an, Ramonito E.; Hairal, Moh. Abdul-jan S.; Magcanta-Mortos, Maria Lyn M.; Esguerra, Jonhniel P.Aquaculture is one of the fastest-growing industries globally, hailed as a crucial source of aquatic food for human consumption. In the Philippines, a nation with a significant stake in global aquaculture, this sector not only supports food security and provides livelihoods but also boosts the national economy by generating valuable export revenue. However, the rapid expansion of aquaculture in the country has sparked concerns, particularly regarding its environmental footprint. This work critically reviews the environmental impacts of aquaculture in the Philippines by reviewing available literature published from 1918 up to the present on the environmental impacts of Philippine aquaculture using relevant keywords from databases like Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, and ResearchGate, and some Philippine government databases like the Philippine Statistics Authority and Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources. While aquaculture plays a key role in ensuring food security, sustaining livelihoods, and supporting the country’s economic growth, it has also been linked to several environmental issues. These include the destruction of mangrove habitats, degradation of seagrass ecosystems, sediment disruption, water pollution, and declining water quality. Moreover, the presence of antibiotic-resistant genes and residues in farmed species, alongside the introduction of non-native species, has triggered biodiversity imbalances and ecosystem degradation. This review underscores the urgent need for mitigation strategies to address these environmental impacts and proposes actionable solutions. Looking ahead, the future of Philippine aquaculture will depend on how well it balances growth with sustainability, ensuring the sector's continued contribution to the economy and the environment.Item An Improved Active Disturbance Rejection Control Method for a Deep-Sea Aquaculture Vessel(2025) Lyu, Chao; Zhao, Si-Dong; Liu, ShuangTo address the challenges of accurately modeling the motion of deep-sea aquaculture vessels under the combined effects of dynamic disturbances from the external environment and coupled disturbances from the liquid levels within the aquaculture tanks, as well as the performance limitations of traditional Active Disturbance Rejection Control (ADRC), this study proposes an improved Active Disturbance Rejection Control strategy based on the ADRC structure, and applies it to the design of the controller for the dynamic positioning system of aquaculture vessels. Furthermore, to tackle the issues of numerous uncertain parameters and tuning difficulties inherent in ADRC, an Improved Whale Optimization Algorithm (IWOA) is introduced for parameter tuning. The optimization algorithm incorporates a chaotic optimization strategy and an improved adaptive inertia weight ω with nonlinear characteristics, which simplifies the complex process of constructing an adaptive function in the Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) algorithm and addresses the slow global search speed and poor local optimization ability of the traditional Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA). The final Simulink simulation results demonstrate that the ADRC controller designed with IWOA outperforms traditional WOA, GWO, and Genetic Algorithm-optimized ADRC controllers in terms of control effectiveness and disturbance rejection capability, improved the dynamic positioning control performance of aquaculture vessels.Item Optimization of multi-trophic aquaculture systems for Penaeus monodon through the introduction of Mugil cephalus, Scylla serrata, and Microecological Agents(2025) Lin, Changhong; Zhang, Bo; Qiu, Lihua; Zhang, Bo; Yan, Lulu; Zhao, ChaoThe mixed aquaculture model, developed based on the ecological principles of species' living characteristics, habits, and different requirements for matter and energy of different ecological niches, has been proven to be an environmentally efficient and low-carbon type of aquaculture. Based on this concept, the present study aims to establish an effective regulation of aquaculture water quality by determining a reasonable fish-shrimp-crab ratio and combining the use of microbial agents. The research initially establishes a multi-trophic integrated aquaculture model of shrimp-fish-crab and develops the microecological regulation of water quality in multi-trophic level aquaculture ponds. In this study, the experimental ponds were divided into one control group (shrimp) and three experimental groups (different species ratio combinations of shrimp, sea mullet and mangrove crab), each comprising three ponds, and subjected to a 60-day cultivation period. Water quality parameters such as total nitrogen, total phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, active phosphorus, and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were monitored bi-weekly. Results showed significant reductions in these metrics within the experimental groups compared to the control group. Specifically, group 3 demonstrated the most substantial decreases, with a maximum reduction range of 32.54% to 60.09%. Shrimp growth and survival rates were notably influenced by the mixed culture system, with group 3 exhibiting the highest final yield and significant improvement in average body weight. Furthermore, introducing Sea mullet and mangrove crabs into the pond system proved beneficial for water quality and shrimp productivity. The optimal co-culture scheme was determined to be 0.90 Sea mullet/m², 0.45 mangrove crabs/m², and 75 shrimp/m². Additionally, the use of microecological agents like Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae further enhanced the farming environment. The optimal application scheme in the experimental ratio plan was: Bacillus subtilis applied at a concentration of 5.0×10^8 CFU/m³ with a frequency of once every 10 days; Bacillus licheniformis applied at a concentration of 1.0×10^8 CFU/m³ also every 10 days; and Saccharomyces cerevisiae administered at a concentration of 2.0×10^8 CFU/m³, with the same 10-day interval. This will promote the development of a sustainable and efficient integrated aquaculture model for Penaeus monodon, providing theoretical support and practical foundation for its application.Item How Digital Transformation of Chinese Fishery Listed Companies Enhances Supply Chain Efficiency(2025) Zhang, Juan; Jiang, Qingqing; Wang, Chenglu; Zhao, ZhumingTo cope with the complex and ever-changing business environment, improving supply chain efficiency is an important issue that needs to be studied now. The development of digital technologies provides a new avenue for enhancing supply chain efficiency. Based on the theory of information asymmetry and the TOE framework, this paper uses panel data of 9 Chinese A-share listed fishing companies from 2015 to 2021 to construct a fixed-effects model and explore digital transformation's impact on supply chain efficiency. The results indicate that digital transformation significantly improves supply chain efficiency, and this conclusion remains robust after a series of robustness tests. On this basis, the paper further verifies the positive impact of digital transformation on supply chain efficiency using the fsQCA method based on the TOE framework and provides pathways for improvement. The findings of this study provide a theoretical basis for promoting the digital transformation of Chinese fishery companies and improving supply chain efficiency. Based on research on China's fisheries, this study further explores the implications of digital transformation for the efficiency of foreign fisheries supply chains. Digital transformation is a critical pathway to enhancing the efficiency of global fisheries supply chains. Foreign fisheries can draw on the digital research of China's fisheries supply chains, integrating their characteristics to promote the intelligent upgrading of their supply chains.