Effects of compound Chinese herbal medicine on growth performances, non-specific immunity and digestive enzyme activity of dongtingking crucian carp（<em>Carassius auratus indigentiaus</em>）
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2025
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77
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This study investigates the effects of compound Chinese herbal medicine (CCHM) on growth performances, antioxidation activities, immune-related enzymes, and digestive enzymes of dongtingking crucian carp (Carassius auratus indigentiaus). Lycium barbarum L., Panax ginseng C.A. Mey, Astragalus membranaceus and Phragmites communis Trin were ground and prepared into CCHM at the ratio of 4.5:3:1.5:1. The one-factor experiments were designed, in which different gradients of CCHM (0%, 1%, 2% and 4%) were added to basal feeds for C. auratus indigentiaus, which were fed for 90 d. The weight gain rate (WGR) and specific growth rate (SGR) in the experimental groups with CCHM addition were significantly higher than those of the control group (0%, without CCHM), the feed coefficient (FCR) was significantly lower in the experimental groups compared to the control group. In the experimental group with 4% of CCHM, WGR, and SGR of C. auratus indigentiaus were the highest (73.87±7.20 % and 0.63±0.15 %, respectively), while the FCR was the lowest (0.24±0.07 %). In the experimental group with 1% CCHM, the spleen index (SPI) increased significantly. However, the SPI of experimental groups, with 2% and 4% CCHM, showed no significant difference from that of the control group. The hepatosomatic index (HSI) of both experimental groups, with 2% and 4% of CCHM, was lower than that of the control group. However, there was no significant difference between the experimental group, which had 1% CCHM, and the control group. Activities of immune-related enzymes like lysozyme, acid phosphatase, and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) in the experimental groups with 1%, 2%, and 4% of CCHM were all higher than those of the control group. The lysozyme activity reached the highest in the experimental group with 1% of CCHM, the alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity reached the peak in the experimental group with 2% of CCHM, and the acid phosphatase activity reached the highest in the experimental group with 2% of CCHM. Activities of antioxidant-related enzymes like catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) in C. auratus indigentiaus were all higher than those of the control group and reached the highest in the experimental group with 1% of CCHM. The total superoxide dismutase activity was highest in the experimental group with 4% of CCHM. Activities of intestinal digestive enzymes such as lipase, amylase, and trypsin in the experimental groups with 1%, 2%, and 4% of CCHM were higher than in the control group. Specifically, lipase and amylase activities were highest in the experimental group, with 1% of CCHM. In comparison, trypsin activity reaches the highest in the experimental group with 4% of CCHM. The results of this study show that adding CCHM into feed can increase the activity of immune-related enzymes and antioxidant-related enzymes in the serum of C. auratus indigentiaus, improve the activity of intestinal digestive enzymes, and promote growth. The appropriate CCHM content in basal feed for C. auratus indigentiaus is 1%.
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Carassius auratus indigentiaus, compound Chinese herbal medicine, non-specific immunity, growth performances
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The Israeli Journal of Aquaculture - Bamidgeh
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