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ItemLanguages and Scripts Reflecting Patani Malay Multiple Identities in Thailand’s Deep South( 2018-12-03)Thailand’s Deep South is linguistically complex, with five languages (Patani Malay, Standard Thai, Classical Malay, Standard Malay, Arabic) and three scripts (Thai, Arabic-based Jawi, Roman-based Rumi) in active use. This study provides an overview of the linguistic landscape of the region, followed by an interview-based analysis of Patani Malay speakers’ complex ethnic identity as reflected in their use of and attitudes toward each language and writing system. It concludes that each language and script occupies a unique domain, underlining the social reality that Patani Malay speakers possess multiple identities. The Patani Malay language reflects their Patani Malay ethnic identity. Standard Thai reflects their national identity as Thai citizens. Classical Malay written in Arabic-based Jawi script and Arabic reflect their Islamic identity, while Standard Malay written in Roman-based Rumi reflects their Nusantara ‘Malay world’ identity.
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ItemReview of: Thurgood, Graham, and Randy LaPolla, eds. The Sino-Tibetan Languages. Second Edition( 2018-12-03)This is a review of the second edition of The Sino-Tibetan Languages, the 53-article collection edited by Graham Thurgood and Randy LaPolla.
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ItemTemporal Expressions In Balinese: Focused On The Semantic Functions Of Temporal Adverbials( 2018-12-03)This paper focuses on temporal expressions in the Balinese language. The discussion of temporal expressions is based on theories of temporal semantic functions proposed by Haspelmath (1997) and Pan (2010). The results show that Balinese temporal expressions can be classified into four semantic functions, which can be further classified into several subcategories. The four semantic functions are (1) temporal locations, (2) temporal extent, (3) frequency, and (4) miscellaneous functions. The choice of temporal adverbial marking in Balinese is influenced by speech register. Another important point in Balinese temporal adverbial marking is the notion of definiteness. Definiteness in Balinese is not only marked on the linguistic unit of a particular temporal adverbial, but also on the marker itself, particularly for temporal adverbials, which indicates a situation as the reference time.
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ItemNotes on Chinese Words in Shorto’s Proto-Austroasiatic Reconstructions( 2018-12-03)This paper evaluates Chinese lexical data in Shorto’s 2006 Proto-Mon-Khmer reconstructions to prevent misapplication of his reconstructions, which in a few dozen instances are based on problematic data that affect or even refute his reconstructions. First, Shorto notes about 20 Chinese items to consider for their comparable semantic and phonological properties. While several are probable Chinese loanwords spread throughout the region, a majority of these are unlikely to be Chinese as they are either Wanderwörter seen in multiple language families with undetermined origins or, in most cases, simply partial chance similarities, and these latter items can thus be removed from consideration in Proto-Austroasiatic reconstructions. Second, Shorto also listed about 50 Vietnamese words as supporting data for proto-Austroasiatic etyma which are either (a) clearly Sino-Vietnamese readings of Chinese characters (about 20 instances) or (b) Early Sino-Vietnamese colloquial borrowings (about 30 instances). Many of those proposed proto-Austroasiatic reconstructions must be reconsidered due to the exclusion of these Sino-Vietnamese items. While excluding such Sino-Vietnamese or Early Sino-Vietnamese items in some cases has no impact on those reconstructions, other exclusions result in slight changes in the reconstructed forms, and in several cases, proposed reconstructions must be entirely excluded as only Vietnamese and one other branch of Austroasiatic are available as comparative evidence. Finally, both the exclusions of proposed attestations (and the clarification of their actual origin) and the hypotheses of regional spread of Chinese words must be considered not only for Proto-Austroasiatic but also in comparative historical linguistic studies in the region.
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ItemPreliminary Phonology of Rera, a Tangsa Variety of Northeast india( 2018-12-03)This paper provides a synchronic phonological analysis of the Rera language, a Tangsa language of the Northern Naga subgroup of Tibeto-Burman. It is spoken by approximately 2,000 people in Northeast India. Based on the author’s own fieldwork, the study describes Rera Tangsa segmental phonology, tones, and phonotactics. It differs from four previously described Tangsa languages in that it does not distinguish aspiration. Rera does not distinguish diphthongs like three other Tangsa varieties but has a relatively simple vowel inventory with eight monophtongs, similar to Hawa-Lak with five monophthongs.
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ItemSequential Organization of Requests by Learners Of Vietnamese( 2018-07-16)The most comprehensively studied speech act in interlanguage pragmatics to date has been requests. However, the body of research on requests by L2 learners has mainly been done on English or European languages, such as Spanish, French or Hebrew as a second language. There have been very few developmental studies published on requests in Asian languages. For a relatively less taught and studied language like Vietnamese, the literature on L2 learners’ requests, especially pertaining to Vietnamese pragmatics, is close to non-existent. This study was implemented to gather a better understanding of interlanguage pragmatics of L2 learners of Vietnamese. Elicited data from role-plays of requests were analysed based on Al-Gahtani and Roever’s 2012 discursive approach which focuses on the sequential organization of interactions. Findings indicate that compared to higher-level learners, lower-level learners used fewer pre-expansions, and the first pair-parts occurred earlier in the sequence. The interlocutor also accommodated to learners’ proficiency level when introducing complications, which resulted in fewer elaborated request sequences from learners with lower proficiency. The findings offer implications for teaching Vietnamese as a foreign language as well as methodological implications for gathering data and analyzing the sequential organization of speech acts in South-East Asian languages, such as Vietnamese.
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ItemBhoi Khasi Compared to Standard Khasi( 2018-07-16)The paper briefly documents the Bhoi variety of Khasi, in comparison with the standard variety.