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Item Distribution and Dating of the *s- > /th-/ Shift in Central Trans-Himalayan Languages(2024-08-27) DeLancey, ScottThere is a well-known phenomenon of Proto-Tibeto-Burman *s- shifting to /th-/ in several languages and groups of Northeast India and Western Myanmar, most strikingly in the Baric or Bodo-Garo and South Central or Kuk-Chin languages. The distribution of the shift does not follow any likely genealogical lines, and so must be interpreted as areal. In this paper we see that the shift must have occurred in Proto-Baricand Proto-Kuki-Chin, and thus dates to 1,000-1,500 years ago. It is suggested that the original areally spread of the shift involved contact between the Kamarupan state of the Brahmaputra Valley and the urbanized states of the Chindwin Valley.Item Development of the Periphrastic Causative Construction with a Causative Marker Thām in Thai(2024-08-27) Piyamahapong, PiroonPeriphrastic causative constructions have been extensively studied in linguistics. However, earlier explorations have predominantly concentrated on their characteristics from a synchronic perspective. This research aims to enhance previous investigations by employing a constructionist approach to analyze the developmental trajectory of the Thai analytic causative construction with a causative marker thām and to discuss the constructional pathway it follows. Contexts with a lexical item thām were gathered from three distinct sources: The Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Anthropology Centre, Vajirayana Digital Library, and Thai National Corpus. Analysis revealed reveals that the serial verb construction encompassing thām was the source of development. This construction evolved into the transitive resultative construction through the lexical aspect extension of the verb following thām. Eventually, the analytic causative construction emerged in the mid-20th century, characterized by an increased schematicity and a decreased semantic compositionality. The trajectory adheres to an elaboration pathway, where the simpler constructions with a higher degree of event and syntactic integration developed into more intricate ones with a lower degree of event and syntactic integration. The present study lays the groundwork for typological research into periphrastic causative constructions with a causative marker originally denoting ‘to make’, which are widespread in Southeast Asian languages.Item Notes on the Phuan Lects Spoken in Xiengkhouang, Thathom, and Borikhane (Laos)(2024-08-27) Pacquement, JeanThis study on Phuan first introduces the areas of Laos investigated in Xiengkhouang, Xaysômboun, and Bolikhamxay provinces. A historical account of Xiengkhouang, regarded as the Phuan homeland, is provided. The presentation of the linguistic literature discusses the research on Phuan in Thailand and the lesser-known research on Phuan in Laos. The fifteen tone diagrams for Phuan of this study, which are based on recordings made in thirteen locations, support a tone pattern with a 1-234 split in A and C columns of Gedney’s tone diagram, a 123-4 split in B, DL, and DS columns, and a B-DL quasi-coalescence. Two tone diagrams, for Tai Dam and Tai Daeng lects of Muong Kham (Xiengkhouang), are given for comparison. Other issues concerning the Phuan lects considered include: the reflex /-ɤː/ of Proto-Tai *əï, *eï/ɛï, *oï; diphthongs /iə/, /ɯə/, /uə/; reflexes of DL syllables *CV:k; the initial consonant /h-/ instead of /kh-/; and specific lexical items.