Languages and Scripts Reflecting Patani Malay Multiple Identities in Thailand’s Deep South

Abstract

Thailand’s Deep South is linguistically complex, with five languages (Patani Malay, Standard Thai, Classical Malay, Standard Malay, Arabic) and three scripts (Thai, Arabic-based Jawi, Roman-based Rumi) in active use. This study provides an overview of the linguistic landscape of the region, followed by an interview-based analysis of Patani Malay speakers’ complex ethnic identity as reflected in their use of and attitudes toward each language and writing system. It concludes that each language and script occupies a unique domain, underlining the social reality that Patani Malay speakers possess multiple identities. The Patani Malay language reflects their Patani Malay ethnic identity. Standard Thai reflects their national identity as Thai citizens. Classical Malay written in Arabic-based Jawi script and Arabic reflect their Islamic identity, while Standard Malay written in Roman-based Rumi reflects their Nusantara ‘Malay world’ identity.