Hawaiian Archaeology Volume 10
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ItemScience, Sanctimony, and Salvation: Considering a Unified Organizational Structure for Hawaiian Archaeology( 06/01/05 12:00 AM)Consistent with nationwide trends, Hawaiian archaeology lacks a cohesive sense of direction and purpose, leading to an uneven quality of work and unfortunate misperceptions of the profession. In response to this situation, a unifYing paradigm is proposed to maintain focus on research significance throughout the ongoing process of scientific knowledge-building. A landscape approach is suggested as particularly appropriate for the current problems in Hawaiian archaeology.
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ItemBook Review: The Archaeology of Global Change: The Impact of Humans on Their Environment( 06/01/05 12:00 AM)Book Review: Redman, Charles L., Steven R. James, Paul R. Fish, and J. Daniel Rogers, eds. 2004. The Archaeology of Global Change: The Impact of Humans on Their Environment. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Books.
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ItemTricks, Traps, and Tunnels: A Study of Refuge Caves of Hawai'i Island( 06/01/05 12:00 AM)in order to clarify the role of refuge caves in Hawaiian prehistory, this article examines their spatial distribution on Hawai 'i Island. The location of 55 refuge caves is compared to the distribution of the settlements and royal centers that existed on the island in the late 18th century. It is suggested that the concentration of refuge caves in the Kona area corresponds to the cluster of royal centers there. This is indicative of intensive precautionary measures that were most necessary in the late 18th century, specifically in the period of Kamehameha 's wars of conquest.
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ItemArchaeological Work in Waipi'o Valley, Hamakua District, Hawai'i Island( 06/01/05 12:00 AM)Waipi'o Valley is a key place in the history of the Island of Hawai'i. It may have been an early settlement area. Oral history associates it with the rise of the Kingdom of Hawai'i, being the sole ruling center for the kingdom from the A.D. 1400s to 1600, and oral accounts indicate it was the ruling center for an earlier, smaller polity. This article presents archaeological work done in the early 1990s. It includes the first information on large upper valley irrigation complexes (one with a long raised canal), descriptions of the Hi'ilawe irrigation complex, the first radiocarbon dates from the Hi 'if awe fields (suggesting mid-1600s to 1700s construction) and from fields on the mid-valley floor (dating to the 1400s-1600s), and descriptions and mapping in the dune area with the first radiocarbon date from the dune's upper layers. It is hoped these findings will stimulate researchers to undertake investigations in Waipi'o before important remnants of its past are lost.
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ItemHolocene Landscapes of Waimanalo Bay: Archaeological Investigations at Bellows Beach, O'ahu( 06/01/05 12:00 AM)The late Holocene landscape of the Waimanalo coastal plain on 0 'ahu was substantially transformed by fluctuations in sea level during the past few thousand years as well as by the channel history of Waimanalo (Puha) Stream following the retreat of the mid-Holocene Kapapa Stand of the Sea after about 2,000 years ago. Mapping and dating the distribution of buried alluvial deposits has contributed to a model of the channel history of Waimanalo Stream. Radiocarbon dates of the alluvial deposits calibrate approximately within the range of 1,380 to 1, 610 years before present. These data support reconstruction of the late Holocene geomorphic and cultural landscape of Waimanalo Bay, and the resulting model provides a new context to understand the archaeological record of human settlement and land use in the region. Evidence from the current project suggests Waimanalo Stream once flowed parallel to the coastline for a significant di§tance. As a result, relict channels that formed prior to the arrival of Polynesian colonists would have created an environment with greater agricultural opportunities than if the stream had flowed straight into the sea as it does today. Further, land surfaces along the shoreline as well as behind the coastal dunes may have been alternately scoured or buried by alluvial processes of the stream throughout the Holocene.
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ItemFunctional Assessment in Archaeological Research( 06/01/05 12:00 AM)A holistic framework to characterize the functions of archaeological sites involves the concurrent operation of multiple functional dimensions such as technology, economy, social organization, politics, ideology, aesthetics, and communication that occur in any cultural group and time period. The multi-dimensional perspective enables numerous potential anthropological research questions that would otherwise be overlooked. This approach eliminates the crippling problems of economic primacy and mono-functionalism, and it permits comparability of results. This approach also proposes that chronological change arises from the variable ways to fulfill a function in the context ofthe actual demands on that function. An examplefrom Hawai'i Island illustrates the utility ofthe proposed paradigmatic approach to functional assessment.
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ItemEight Million Points Per Day: Archaeological Implications of Laser Scanning and Three-Dimensional Modeling of Pu'ukohola Heiau, Hawai'i Island( 06/01/05 12:00 AM)Recent applications of three-dimensional modeling in archaeology have become more widespread in recent years for site-based and landscape approaches. The authors perform a three-dimensional analysis of Pu 'ukoholii Heiau, using data collected with a Cyrax laser scanner. By examining the three-dimensional model, surface area and volumetric calculations are made. These calculations are used to estimate labor input based on experimental data collected in a previous study of excavated Maui heiau and producing similar results without need for excavation.
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ItemDetermining the Function of Polynesian Volcanic Glass Artifacts: Results of a Residue Study( 06/01/05 12:00 AM)Volcanic glass artifacts are commonly found throughout Polynesia, and their function 'has been debated for several decades. Microscopic edge damage-usually small flake scars along only one edge of the glass flake- was previously thought to result from cutting, scraping, or boring tasks when scaling and gutting fish, butchering dog and pig, scraping vegetables, or preparing fiber or bark. However, none of these explanations have been tied directly to empirical microscopic evidence (such as residues) of these inferred tasks. We examined 14 volcanic glass flakes from late prehistoric habitation sites along the north coast of Moloka 'i and 15 flakes from several sites on Henderson Island (Pitcairn Group) to determine the presence and kind of residues found near the working edges of these diminutive artifacts. Twenty-eight percent of the flakes exhibited microscopic residues suggesting plant preparation and shell working functions. Further analysis on an expanded sample of properly collected artifacts from a broader range of sites should elucidate additional functions of this nondescript artifact class.
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ItemFront Matter, Table of Contents, Editor's Preface, and Back Matter( 06/01/05 12:00 AM)Front Matter, Table of Contents, Editor's Preface, and Back Matter