Volume 75, Issue 1, 2023
Permanent URI for this collection
Browse
Recent Submissions
Item Replacement of fishmeal by common cricket (Acheta domesticus) meal in diets for juvenile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)(2023) Cadena-Cadena, Francisco; Cuevas-Acuña, Dulce A.; Frias, Bartolo C.; Hernández, Ramón C.; Nuñez, Juan C.G.; Martinez, Barbara A.; Arias-Moscoso, Joe L.The present study was to substitute fishmeal with domestic cricket (Acheta domesticus) meals in diets for tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) farming. Productive performance was evaluated by two diets based on Pearson's square, the treatment T1 with 20% inclusion and treatment T2 with 35%, respectively, and a control T3 (commercial feed) performed in triplicate. Each treatment had ten organisms weighing 9+5 gr for 40 days. Initial biometry was performed, and after this, every five days until the end of the bioassay. The production and survival variables were evaluated; Finally, a proximal analysis of moisture, ash, lipids, and protein was carried out. According to the weight gain, the performance of the diets presented significant differences between the three diets. T2 diet results were similar to T3 (Control) due to tilapia being omnivorous and having excellent resistance and adaptability to different types of food. Therefore, the possible use of this food can be considered, favoring its economic impact on tilapia crops.Item Production and Growth Performance of Nannochloropsis oculata (Droop) Hibberd in the Helical Photobioreactor(2023) Kargin, HilalPhytoplankton species preferred in marine fish farming are the primary food source in the larval and young stages of bivalve mollusks, along with some fish and shellfish larvae. For this reason, selecting the appropriate phytoplankton and production technique for feeding marine fish larvae is crucial. Nannochloripsis oculata microalgae species, widely used in rearing sea bream and sea bass larvae and feeding rotifers, has an essential place in our country. N. oculata microalgae species, which is used in rearing sea bream and sea bass larvae and feeding rotifers, was produced in a helical photobioreactor by applying a continuous production technique at 30 ‰ salinity, and its growth performance was aimed to be investigated. In the study, N. oculata was grown in a helical photobioreactor at 30‰ salinity by applying the continuous production technique for two weeks, and the daily cell number and specific growth rate were determined. The study was repeated three times. The supply of live feed for marine fish fry and hatcheries established for this purpose is one of the most critical problems. The latest technology in the production of microalgae, which is the primary link of the live feed chain in this sector, is continuous algae production in helical tubular reactors. The helical tubular reactor used in the study consists of a transparent hose system consisting of a completely tubular helical reactor designed for microalgae production. The helical tubular continuous production system offers more efficient and economically more convenient alternatives than existing production systems. One of the most essential advantages of this system is that the system can be designed without requiring significant capital. The continuous culture technique allows the application of long-term and safe algae cultures. With this system, besides providing continuity in production, the negativities in batch production can be eliminated with adequate light. Since the algae production with the continuous method in the spiral photobioreactor remains in the maximum growth phase for a longer time than the batch production, it is a system with high production efficiency and quality, and production capacity is guaranteed. In addition, the algae product harvesting in the continuous system ensures the daily harvesting of algae as much as half of the system volume. A helical reactor enables automation in algae production and high-quality production over long periods. In the study, the sowing density of N. oculata was determined as 1.068x106 ±0.006 cells/mL. Algin cell growth increased logarithmically during the first five days. From the 5th day to the 15th day, the increase in the number of cells was determined as 12.35x106±0.165 cells/mL at the highest and 8.76x106±0.709 cells/mL at the lowest. However, on the 13th day, it was determined that the increase in algin cells was 12.35x106±0.165 cells/mL, and the specific growth rate decreased by 0.189±0.016 divisions/day. As a result of the study, the number of cells of N. oculata algae 5-15 increased. It was determined that it increased 10 times between days. In this context, it was possible to harvest half of the reactor volume of algae daily at maximum cell density for long periods in the helical reactorItem Effects of dietary guava leaf aqueous extract supplementation on growth, antioxidant capacity, and non-specific immunity in mud crab Scylla paramamosain(2023) Yue, Yan; Ma, Hong-Ling; Cheng, Chang-Hong; Liu, Guang-Xin; Fan, Si-Gang; Jiang, Jian-Jun; Guo, Zhi-XunMud crab (*Scylla paramamosain*) fed five different diets with varying concentrations of guava leaf aqueous extract (0 mg·kg^--1^, 80 mg·kg^--1^, 160 mg·kg^--1^, 320 mg·kg^--1^, and 640 mg·kg^--1^) for 30 days. Mud crabs in the 320 mg·kg^--1^ guava-leaf extract groups outperformed the control group in terms of survival rates (SR), weight gain rates (WGR), and specific growth rates (SGR). When compared to the control group, mud crabs in the 320 mg·kg^--1^ guava-leaf extract groups had significantly higher levels of lipase (LPS), pepsin, lysozyme (LZM), superoxide dismutase (SOD), acid phosphatase (ACP), and glutathione (GSH) (*P \< 0.05*). The amylase (AMS) activity was significantly decreased in all experimental groups (*P \< 0.05*). Malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the hepatopancreas of mud crabs in the 160 mg·kg^--1^, 320 mg·kg^--1^, and 640 mg·kg^--1^ guava-leaf extract groups were significantly reduced compared to the control group (*P \< 0.05*). Additionally, real-time PCR results illustrated that the expression levels of *GPx3*, *CAT*, and *JNK* were all considerably increased in the 80 mg·kg^--1^ guava-leaf extract groups compared to the control group (*P \< 0.05*). In the 160 mg·kg^--1^, 320 mg·kg^--1^, and 320 mg·kg^--1^ guava-leaf extract groups, the expression levels of *SOD* genes were considerably greater than the control (*P \< 0.05*), which was consistent with the level of SOD activity. *GST* and *P53* gene expression levels were significantly up-regulated in the 80 mg·kg^--1^, 160 mg·kg^--1^, 320 mg·kg^--1^, and 640 mg·kg^--1^ guava-leaf extract groups compared to the control group (*P \< 0.05*). Overall, the addition of 160 mg·kg^--1^-320 mg·kg^--1^ guava-leaf extract to the feed of *Scylla paramamosain* promoted growth, enhanced the activities of digestive and antioxidant enzymes, and strengthened immunity.Item Visioning the future of Aquaculture in Hawai‘i(2023) Ron, Tetsuzan BThe University of Hawai‘i Aquaculture Program and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) Hawaiian Islands Humpback Whale National Marine Sanctuary (sanctuary) co-hosted "Ho‘olālā i ka mahii‘a o kēia mua aku", a workshop focused on visioning the future of aquaculture in Hawai‘i. The workshop offered an opportunity to bring diverse stakeholders together to facilitate a dialogue on issues regarding aquaculture in Hawai‘i and to build relationships to promote future collaborations. Topics of discussion included food safety and security - sustaining local communities by enhancing locally produced and consumed foods; stimulating job creation while conserving natural and cultural resources, existing and future aquaculture projects, considerations for project siting and national aquaculture policies. A Workshop Advisory Team (WAT) was formed to plan the workshop and was comprised of cultural advisors, community and stakeholder representatives, and state and federal agency representatives. The WAT identified a workshop process, content, and potential participants. The workshop was the first of a series of planned discussions and brought together cultural and fishpond practitioners, community members, farmers, business and food industry representatives, subject matter experts, state and federal agency representatives and marine resource managers. The first day of the workshop was an information-sharing day open to the public. The format included presentations and panel discussions with opportunities for questions and answers. Presentations were provided on topics including: • Historical context of aquaculture in Hawai‘i • Current aquaculture activities in Hawai‘i • A national perspective of aquaculture • The role of the Department of Land and Natural Resources in the oversight of aquaculture in the State of Hawai‘i. Panel discussions included: Native Hawaiian aquaculture practices; today’s open ocean aquaculture; and cultural and environmental considerations in aquaculture practices. The remaining two days of the workshop focused on identifying common ground among the diverse participants to stimulate value-based discussions among multiple stakeholder groups. The remainder of the workshop focused on the Appreciative Inquiry (AI) strategic planning process for invited participants. Appreciate Inquiry is a process that identifies areas of common ground within a diverse group and is highly effective in stimulating discussions based on shared values among multiple stakeholders through a series of iterative and interactive sessions. The "Ho‘olālā i ka mahii‘a o kēia mua aku" workshop provided an opportunity for diverse stakeholders to expand participation in aquaculture-related conversations that involve cultural, community, economic, and natural resource interests. By utilizing the Appreciate Inquiry strategic planning process, facilitators worked with participants to identify commonalities and shared values that promote relationship building and allow for future collaborations. Discussions served to share and increase participants knowledge of a variety of issues including food safety and security - sustaining local communities by enhancing locally produced and consumed foods; stimulating job creation while conserving natural and cultural resources, existing and future aquaculture projects, considerations for project siting and national aquaculture policies. Additionally, it was recognized that although the workshop was an important step in visioningthe future of aquaculture in Hawai‘i, ongoing discussions will have to include additionalcommunities and stakeholder representatives to engage others in the process. To that end, fishpond revitalization and restoration were recognized as an important issue for many participants and there was agreement that a follow-up workshop should be planned for fishpond practitioners and agencies to discuss obstacles and challenges to fishpond restoration. This workshop will serve as an important venue to continue sharing knowledge and experiences relative to engaging community members to provide input in considering the future of aquaculture in Hawai‘i. This report provides an account of "Ho‘olālā i ka mahii‘a o kēia mua aku" workshop, a historical context and information on current aquaculture activities in Hawai‘i, and supplemental information regarding aquaculture projects globally. The intent of the report is to provide transparency and share information more broadly with those who did not participate in the workshop.Item Seasonal variation of phytoplankton in My Thanh River, Mekong delta, Vietnam(2023) Nguyen, Thi K. L.; Au, Van H.; Phan, Thi C. T.; Tran, Trung G.; Huynh, Truong G.; Vu, Ngoc U.; Nguyen, Thanh P.A study on the seasonal variation of phytoplankton composition was conducted at the upper, middle, and lower parts of the My Thanh River, which supplies an important source of water for aquaculture. Qualitative and quantitative samples of phytoplankton were collected monthly at both high and low tide. The results showed that a total of 171 phytoplankton (algae) species were recorded, belonging to 59 genera and 5 phyla. Diatoms were the most abundant group with the highest species number, followed by green algae. The other phyla possessed a lower number of species. The species composition was more diverse in the rainy season and at high tide at most of the sampling sites. The mean density of algae varied from 30,900-43,521 ind.L^-1^. The density of diatoms was higher in the middle and lower parts. At the same time, euglenoids displayed the highest density in the upper part, showing a difference in the dominant algae group under the influence of salinity. Salinity was found to be significantly positively correlated (p<0.01) with diatoms, whereas it was negatively correlated (p<0.05) with blue-green algae and euglenoids. The algae composition was quite diverse, with the H' index ranging from 2.0-3.3, showing the water quality was slightly to moderately polluted.Item Effects of vitamin C on transport of Penaeus monodon(2023) Yang, Wan-Li; Jiang, Song; Yang, Qi-Bin; Jiang, Shi-Gui; Huang, Jian-Hua; Yang, Li-Shi; Chen, Xu; Li, Yun-Dong; Zhou, Fa-LinThe experiment simulated the logistical transportation of Penaeus monodon. It set four distinct gradient Vitamin C (Vc) addition levels, including 0mg/L, 111mg/L, 222mg/L, and 333mg/L, to investigate the impact of Vc on the anti-stress ability of P. monodon during transportation. And the survival rate following transportation and a 15-day interim rearing period were recorded. Moreover, the alterations in tissue structure and activity of the enzymes alkaline phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), and total superoxide dismutase (T-AOC) were checked. The results showed that with the increase of Vc supplemental level, the survival rate of P. monodon after transportation and after 15 days of temporary rearing increased to varying degrees. ACP and AKP in the hepatopancreas increased first and then decreased. T-SOD activity in the 0mg/L group was the lowest and then decreased gradually. The activity of total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in the 0mg/L group was the lowest and then stabilized. The branchial tissue structure also changed. The branchial tissue blood cell disorder decreased, the diaphragm gradually narrowed, the cornered cortex gradually recovered, and the swelling decreased. In conclusion, Vc positively affects the survival rate of P. monodon after transportation and temporary cultivation and alleviates the stress of P. monodon. The amount of Vc added at about 333mg/Lin, the transportation of P. monodon could play a positive role. The experimental results provide primary data for the transportation of P. monodon.Item Effects of guar gum supplementation in high-fat diets on fish growth, gut histology, intestinal oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in juvenile largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)(2023) Zhao, Xiaoyu; Chen, Weijun; Tian, Erjie; Zhang, Yuanyuan; Gao, Xiaochan; Huang, Yong; Ren, Hongtao; Chang, Kuo; Sun, Ping; Gao, ShiyangThe present study aimed to investigate the influence of guar gum supplementation in high-fat diets on the growth performance and intestinal oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis of juvenile largemouth bass. Five isonitrogenous diets were prepared: a control diet (10% crude lipid, C), a high-fat diet (17% crude lipid, HF), and three high-fat diets supplemented with 0.3% guar gum (GG0.3), 1% guar gum (GG1), and 3% guar gum (GG3). Largemouth bass (3.1±0.2 g) were randomly assigned to fifteen tanks (30 fish/tank) and fed for 8 weeks. The results demonstrated that GG0.3 significantly increased specific growth rate (SGR) and increased feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared to HF (P < 0.05). For histology, high-fat diets containing guar gum significantly increased intestinal villus length, villus width, and perimeter ratio, compared with HF (P < 0.05). Compared with Control, HF significantly decreased reduced glutathione (GSH) contents and increased malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in the intestine (P < 0.05). Additionally, HF significantly increased the expression of interleukin 1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and cysteine-aspartic proteases 9 (Caspase 9) in the intestine (P < 0.05). Compared to HF, GG0.3 significantly decreased MDA contents, increased GSH contents, and downregulated the expression of IL-1β, TNF-α, and Caspase 3 than diet HF in the intestine (P < 0.05). These results suggest that guar gum can alleviate the adverse effects of high-fat diets on growth and gut health in fish.Item Profiles of cyclin B and cdc2 during ovarian and embryonic development in Exopalaemon carinicauda(2023) Liang, Junping; Sun, Xiaotong; Li, Shuangfeng; Li, Yanling; Li, Hui; Wang, Xianfeng; Li, Jian; Li, JitaoMitosis-promoting factor (MPF) is a complex formed by cyclin B (cyclin B) and cyclin-dependent kinase (cdc2). To investigate the role of MPF in the reproduction of Exopalaemon carinicauda, we cloned its full-length cDNA of the Ec-cyclin B and Ec-cdc2 genes. We analyzed their molecular characteristics and expression profiles during ovarian and embryonic development. The results showed that the Ec-cyclin B gene was 1194 bp long and encoded a 397 amino acid (aa) long protein. However, Ec-cdc2 was 900 bp long, which encoded 299 aa with a conserved cyclin binding motif PSTAIRE. The phylogenetic tree analysis showed that Ec-cyclin B had the highest homology with the cyclin B of Macrobrachium rosenbergii (81.06%). In comparison, Ec-cdc2 had the highest homology with the cdc2 of E. modestus (96.80%). Ec-cyclin B showed the highest expression in the ovary, whereas Ec-cdc2 was the highest in the hepatopancreas, followed by the ovary. In the five stages of ovarian development, Ec-cyclin B and Ec-cdc2 expression levels reach the highest at stage Ⅴ(p < 0.05). Overall, the expression of these two genes first increased and then decreased at different embryonic developmental stages. Therefore, these findings suggested that cyclin B and cdc2 played an essential role in the ovarian and embryonic development of E. carinicauda.Item Characteristics of the interferon regulatory factor IRF5 and its stimulation expression by Elizabethkingia miricola Infection in black-spotted frog (Pelophylax nigromaculatus)(2023) Wang, Ronghua; Tan, Qing; Jin, Hongchun; Li, Ke; Yan, Menglu; Kang, Yan; Li, Shuqiong; Wang, Jinlong; Yang, Pinhong; Chen, ZhongyuanInterferon regulatory factors (IRFs) have been confirmed as vital transcription factors for the immune system, which play a certain role in anti-infection defense, immune regulation, hematopoietic cell development, and maturation of the immune system. In this study, the cDNA of Interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) was cloned from black-spotted frog, Pelophylax nigromaculatus, and termed PnIRF5. The results indicated, the full-length cDNA of PnIRF5 was 2090 bp, and a putative protein of 504 amino acids was encoded. The results of protein domain prediction suggested that PnIRF5 exhibited a DNA-binding domain (DBD), a middle region (MR), an IRF association domain (IAD), a virus activated domain (VAD), as well as two nuclear localization signals (NLSs). Phylogenetic analysis clustered PnIRF5 into the amphibian IRF5 subgroup in vertebrate IRF5 group. The results of qPCR show that PnIRF5 mRNA was expressed in all examined tissues, with higher levels were identified in the kidney, intestine, and lung. The gene expression of PnIRF5 was analyzed in kidney, spleen, and liver of black-spotted frog after challenged with Elizabethkingia miricola, and the maximum expression level of PnIRF5 in liver, spleen, and kidney were 1.80, 2.33 and 2.88 times that at 0 days post challenged, respectively. As indicated by the results, the PnIRF5 protein may take on critical significance in protecting black-spotted frog from E. miricola infection, and they may play a certain role in the immune response of black-spotted frog against bacteria.Item Structure, sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the complete chloroplast genome of the brown algae Saccharina sp. ye-E (Laminariaceae: Phaeophyceae) from Sakhalin Oblast, Russia(2023) Zhang, Wei; Liu, Ziwen; Fan, XiaoFor this investigation, the chloroplast genome of Saccharina sp. ye-E from Russia was uncovered and annotated with Illumina sequencing data to examine the phylogenetic relationship of Saccharina in Laminariaceae from a molecular biology perspective. Analysis of the structural characteristics, simple repeat sequence (SSR) loci, relative species differences, codon preference, and phylogenetic relationships was conducted. The results revealed that the chloroplast genome of Saccharina sp. ye-E had a length of 130,624 bp, containing 139 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 6 ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) and 57 transfer RNAs (tRNAs) genes, and a total GC content of 31.1%. There were 15 SSR loci in the genome. Effective codon number (ENC) and codon adaptation index (CAI) both indicated the strong codon randomness and codon preference. The phylogenetic tree, based on the complete chloroplast genomes of 10 brown algae, showed that four species of Saccharina genus formed a clade, with Saccharina sp. ye-E and Saccharina latissimi having the most related genetic affinity. It is believed that the determination of the chloroplast genome of Saccharina sp. ye-E will be beneficial for future algal genetics evolution and systematic studies in the Laminariaceae.Item The effect of dietary docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3) on photoreceptor abundance, rhodopsin expression and growth in developing gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) larvae(2023) Tandler, Amos; Levitan, Anton; Nixon, Oriya; Gaon, Aviad; Koven, WilliamThis study determined the effect of prey DHA on larval gilthead sea bream (GSB; Sparus aurata) photoreceptor abundance, rhodopsin expression, and growth performance. It was carried out in a twenty-eight 400 l conical tank system that was stocked with 100 viable GSB eggs/l/tank. This allowed the testing of 4 levels of rotifer DHA; 0.99 (Low; L), 1.9 (Intermediate low; I-L), 3.2 (Intermediate high; I-H) and 12.1(High; H) mg DHA/g DW rotifer, which were fed (10 rotifers/ml) to 3-16 DPH larvae. These rotifer diets continued to be offered to 17-34 DPH fish, although these larvae predominantly fed on 4 DHA enriched Artemia nauplii treatments that were offered at a concentration from 0.1 nauplii/ml to 4 nauplii/ml, depending on larval age. This resulted in 4 DHA rotifer-Artemia ranges: 0.99-0.0 (L), 1.9-2.6 (I-L), 3.2-7.2 (I-H), and 12.1-11.77 (H) mg DHA/g DW. The 4 DHA treatments and ranges were tested in replicates of 7 conical tanks per treatment. Increasing rotifer DHA significantly (P<0.0001) improved TL, in an exponential manner, throughout larval rearing. DW in 34 DPH larvae was markedly (P<0.05) enhanced with dietary DHA inclusion in the rotifers and Artemia. There was a significant (P < 0.005) prey DHA dose dependent range effect on the abundance of photoreceptor cells in the retina of 34 DPH larvae. The gene expression of rhodopsin in GSB larvae was significantly (P<0.05) upregulated with dietary DHA dose range and larval age (P<0.0001). This study established a link between dietary DHA level with photoreceptor abundance and rhodopsin expression, which led to improved vision, prey acquisition, and growth in developing GSB larvae.Item Morphological characteristics and genetic diversity of Terapon jarbua (Forrskäl, 1775) in Central, Vietnam(2023) Nguyen, Ty; Nguyen, Huy X.; Pham, Thanh; Nguyen, Thuan V.; Hoang, Lan L.T.; Tran, Giang V.Many environmental factors affect the morphology of migratory fish species, such as salinity, water flow rate, and temperature. However, studies on changes in fish morphology under environmental variations from salt water to brackish water are still limited in many fish species, especially in *Terapon jarbua*. This study aims to investigate the differences in the morphological parameters of *T. jarbua* between the coastal sea (seawater) and lagoon (brackish water); and between male and female fish based on a landmark morphological approach. Additionally, the genetic diversity of *T. jarbua* populations in Central Vietnam was elucidated using the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase subunit I (mtDNA COI) sequence as a molecular marker. The analytical results indicated no sexual dimorphism in the *T. jarbua* population, yet conformational differences exist between the two studied aquatic species. The analysis of 42 mtDNA COI sequences collected from Central Vietnam identified 13 haplotypes with medium genetic diversity and low genetic differentiation between the Tam Giang lagoon and Thua Thien Hue coastal (Fst = 0.028) and not significant (p = 0.126). Most haplotypes obtained are present in reference populations, indicating a high genetic exchange between populations. We proposed that the *T. jarbua* population in Central Vietnam has a stable connection with neighboring populations (China, Taiwan, Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia, Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan).Item Trematodes obtained from snails in giant gourami ponds supplied by well water in Tien Giang province, Vietnam(2023) Thien, Pham C.A study on trematode obtained from freshwater snails in 30 grow-out giant gourami ponds supplied by well water was conducted in Chau Thanh district, Tien Giang province, Vietnam. The snails were sampled in the flooding season (October 2020), the intermediary season (January 2021) and the non-flooding season (April 2021). Eight snail species belonging to 8 genera, 4 families were found including Sermyla tornatella (48.6%), Sinotaia lithophaga (19.3%), Filopaludina sumatrensis (15.4%), Melanoides tuberculata (6.4%), Pomacea sp. (4.7%), Bithynia siamensis (4.2%), Thiara scabra (0.8%) and Tarebia granifera (0.6%). Cercariae were recovered from only two snail species of Melanoides tuberculata with Xiphidio cercariae and Furcocercous cercariae with a prevalence of 7.4%, and Bithynia siamensis with Xiphidio cercariae and Pleurolophocercous cercariae with the infection rate of 6.9%. The trematodes were found in 8 ponds (26.7%), 7 ponds (23.3%), and 3 ponds (10.0%) in the intermediary season, the non-flooding season, and the flooding season, respectively (P>0.05). More research on the epidemiology of trematodes in snails in fishponds should be done to contribute to food safety and sustainable aquaculture.Item Effects of water temperature on swimming performance of Siniperca knerii Garman under the Yuanshui River cascade development(2023) Song, Bolan; Liu, Liangguo; Su, Xiangen; Li, TianbaoWe examined the swimming parameters and oxygen consumption rate at four temperature levels (15，20，25 and 30°C) of Siniperca knerii Garman (11.81 ±2.21 cm, 26.4 ± 6.28g) from Yuanshui River for 30 days to analyze the ecological adaptability of the typical fish and the conservation of fishery resources from the Dongting Lake water system. Their relationship was also analyzed, and the results showed an approximately linear increasing trend of the fish's critical swimming speed and preferred swimming speed with the change of temperature (P<0.05). In contrast, the induction velocity of fish decreased with the increase in water temperature. The relative induction velocities of the fish at four temperatures were (1.16±0.07), (0.94±0.06), (0.86±0.07), and (0.70±0.09) BL/s (Body Length/s). The preferred swimming speed was (1.86±0.04), (2.23±0.35), (2.65±0.28), and (2.74±0.33) BL/s. The relative critical speed was (2.58 ±0.32), (3.31±0.41), (4.31±0.52), and (5.22±0.48) BL/s. According to oxygen consumption rate at different temperatures, four nonlinear function models of the relationship between oxygen consumption rate of water temperature and swimming speed behavior parameters were obtained by nonlinear fitting. The model proved that the oxygen consumption rate, tail beating frequency, and respiratory rate increased with the increase in swimming speed. The higher the temperature, the more significant the changes were. The results showed that water temperature significantly affected the swimming characteristics of juvenile Siniperca knerii Garman. The changes were due to physiological and biochemical regulation with temperature and environmental changes. This experiment provided essential data support for the adaptive mechanism of sports physiology and ecology of typical fishes in the Yuanshui River.Item Analysis of morphological differences among different populations of golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus)(2023) Zhao, Peng-Hai; Liu, Bao-Suo; Liu, Bo; Zhu, Ke-Cheng; Guo, Hua-Yang; Xian, Lin; Zhang, Nan; Zhang, Dian-ChangTo explore the external morphological differences of golden pompano in different geographical populations, eight quantitative traits of 210 samples from seven golden pompano populations were measured. Multivariate statistical methods, such as principal component analysis, discriminant analysis, cluster analysis, and One-way ANOVA, were used to compare morphological differences among the populations. Principal component analysis extracted the top five principal components with a cumulative contribution rate of 85.79%, of which the first three principal components could explain seven morphological features. The principal component scatter plot showed that the NH, CH, and LL populations had similar morphology. Using the stepwise discriminant method to establish the classification and discrimination functions of the seven populations, the discrimination accuracy of the DL population was 93.3% for P1 and 87.5% for P2, which was the highest, and the comprehensive discrimination rate was 71.4%. The clustering relationship diagram showed that the populations were divided into three branches, and the CH and NH populations were closest. In contrast, the DL and HF populations were farthest from the other populations. One-way ANOVA showed significant differences (P<0.05) among all traits of the populations, and the morphological differences between the HX and DL populations were the largest. The results of this study showed specific differences in the external morphology of golden pompano among different populations.Item Identification and pathogenicity of Aeromonas veronii isolated from sexually mature female Hypophthalmichthys molitrix(2023) Chen, Hui-Zhen; Luo, Jia-Ju; Fu, Yao-Wu; Liu, Wen-Ding; Zhang, Qi-ZhongAn outbreak of bacterial septicemia in female silver carp *Hypophthalmichthys molitrix*, which caused significant death of the fish in the Yantian Reservoir, was investigated. The pathogen was isolated from diseased fish and identified as *Aeromonas veronii* utilizing biochemical characteristics and molecular methods analyses. An artificial infection experiment indicated that the strain caused 100% mortality of juvenile silver carp and mature female fish with eggs but no death of the mature male fish. Silver carp challenged with *A. veronii* showed similar clinical signs with naturally infected fish. The histopathological study revealed that *A. veronii* infection caused the increment of hemosiderin granules and the vacuole formation in tissues of the spleen and livers, as well as the collapse, deformation, and disintegration of egg cells. The ACP, AKP, and CAT enzyme activities in the serum of both naturally and artificially infected silver carp were decreased significantly with the severe infection. In this study, *A. veronii* was isolated and identified as the primary bacterial pathogen causing the mass death of sexually mature female silver carp with eggs in Yantian Reservoir.Item Comparative analysis of phosphoproteomic in the intestine of Sepia lycidas under different salinity environments(2023) Yang, Changgeng; Li, Qiqi; Chen, Huimei; Yang, Mengyu; Jiang, Xiang; Xu, LeleCuttlefish are sensitive to the breeding environment, and the low-salinity environment significantly impacts their growth and immunity. So far, it is difficult to breed this species artificially. This study was conducted in Sepia lycidas. And the aim was to investigate the differences in protein phosphorylation in the intestine of S. lycidas under different salinity conditions. Firstly, 999 phosphoproteins (specific peptide ≥ 1), 1928 phosphopeptides, and 2727 phosphorylation sites were identified. Among them were 284 down-regulated expression phosphorylation sites (corresponding to 115 phosphoproteins) and 674 up-regulated expression phosphorylation sites (corresponding to 408 phosphoproteins) in the intestine under a low salinity environment compared with that under a natural salinity environment. Next, GO analysis found that more phosphoproteins corresponding to differentially expressed phosphorylation sites were related to anatomical structure development, multicellular organism development, regulation of the cellular process, etc. The molecular functions of these proteins mainly contain protein binding, transferase activity, catalytic activity, and heterocyclic compound binding. And they are mainly involved in the cellular components of intracellular anatomical structure, organelle, and cytoplasm. KEGG enrichment analysis of the differential phosphoproteins suggested that many significantly enriched pathways were related to the phosphatidylinositol signaling system, cell junction (adherens junction and tight junction), and inositol phosphate metabolism. Finally, changes in environmental salinity can affect the intestinal structure, metabolism, and immune homeostasis of S. lycidas.Item Effects of dietary oxidized fish oil on the growth performance, intestinal health, and antioxidant capacity of zebrafish(2023) Jiang, Weiwei; Wu, Yancheng; Liu, Wenshu; Wang, Yuzhu; Li, Debing; Li, SimingThis study aimed to investigate the effects of oxidized fish oil (OFO) on growth performance, intestinal health, and antioxidant function and to determine the minimum concentration of oxidized fish oil to cause irreversible damage to the intestinal tissue structure of zebrafish. A 30-day feeding trial on zebrafish (average weight 0.054 g) was conducted in triplicate groups of fish fed four test diets containing different concentrations of OFO: 0% OFO (OFF, blank control), 2% OFO (OF1), 4% OFO (OF2), and 6% OFO (OF3). The body weight gain (WG), specific growth rates (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), survival rate (SR), and antioxidant function {glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), catalase (CAT), and malondialdehyde (MDA)} were recorded. The intestinal structure was observed at the end of the trial. After the 14-day experimental period, Final body weight (FBW), WG, and SGR decreased significantly with the increase in the concentration of feed OFO (P < 0.05), while FCR showed a downward trend. The activity of T-SOD decreased significantly, the activities of GSH-PX and CAT, and the MDA content increased significantly with the increase in the concentration of feed OFO (P < 0.05). The intestinal morphological damage score showed an upward trend with the increase in the concentration of OFO, and it was significantly higher in group OF2 and OF3 than in group OF1 (P < 0.05). After the 28-day test period, the experimental indexes and intestinal antioxidant function trends were the same as those on 14 days. The increased OFO concentration significantly increased the intestinal morphological injury score (P < 0.05). These results demonstrated that adding 4% OFO to the feed for 14 days could induce irreversible damage to the intestinal tissue structure, weaken the antioxidant function, and decrease the growth performance of zebrafish.Item Effect of dietary Ginkgo biloba leaf on the growth performance and nonspecific immunity of red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii(2023) Sui, Yanming; Chen, Jiyi; Liu, Jintao; Zhang, Hong; Chen, Shuyi; Zhang, Shuxin; Zou, Jiaxin; Meng, Yuxiao; Jiang, Hucheng; Xu, Qianjin; Zheng, Liang; Li, HongshanThis trial investigated the effect of dietary Ginkgo biloba leaf (GBL) on the growth performance and nonspecific immunity of red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii. 180 Crayfishes were randomly divided into three groups. One group was fed with basic diet, whereas the other two groups were fed with diets containing 1% and 3% GBL. After 32 days of feeding, GBL addition tended to increase the body weight gain rate compared with control. In 3% GBL group, the bodyweight gain rate of male crayfish was higher than that of female crayfish. While female crayfish were advantageous in terms of meat yield. Liver-related indexes were influenced by GBL addition and 3% GBL could reduce glutamic pyruvic transaminase and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase as well as total cholesterol in male crayfish, showing its function in liver protection. Moreover, GBL addition effects on liver protection was better in male crayfish than female crayfish.Item Effects of morphological traits on living body weight of wild Cyclina sinensis in different geographical populations(2023) LIU, Xiaogang; Xia, Qing; DONG, Zhiguo; GE, Hongxing; Liu, Meimei; Li, XiaoyingEleven coastal geographical populations of wild Cyclina sinensis in China were collected in February 2020, and the effects of four morphological traits (shell length; shell height; shell width; external ligament length) on one weight trait (living body weight) were studied by correlation analysis, path analysis, determination coefficient analysis, and regression analyses. The statistical results showed that the coefficient of body weight variation was generally greater than morphological traits(P＜0.05). The correlation analysis results showed that the coefficient of correlation between morphological traits (except for external ligament length) and body weight are significantly positive (P＜0.05) in all populations. Based on the results of path analysis and determination coefficient analysis, shell length has the greatest direct effect on body weight in the Yancheng population; shell height has the greatest direct effect on body weight in Dandong, Fuzhou and Tangshan populations; shell width has the greatest direct effect on body weight in Zhanjiang, Wenzhou, Dongtai, Ningbo, Tianjin, Dongying, and Wanning populations. Multiple regression equations were obtained with body weight as the dependent variable, shell length, height, and width and external ligament length as independent variables. The results of systematic clustering showed that there are no apparent geographical differentiation characteristics among eleven geographical populations in morphology. This study provided a scientific basis for selective and genetic breeding and can guide the development and utilization of wild C. sinensis seed resources.